The stability of psychological adjustment among donor-conceived offspring in the U.S. National Longitudinal Lesbian Family Study from childhood to adulthood: differences by donor type

ObjectiveTo study differences by sperm donor type in the psychological adjustment of U.S. National Longitudinal Lesbian Family Study (NLLFS) offspring across three time periods from childhood to adulthood.DesignU.S.-based prospective cohort study.SettingPaper-and-pencil questionnaires and protected online surveys.Patient(s)A 74 conceived lesbian parents using an anonymous (n = 26), a known or open-identity 22) donor. Data were reported when ages 10 (wave 4), 17 5), 25 6).Intervention(s)None.Main Outcome Measure(s)Achenbach Child Behavior Checklist administered Achenbach Adult Self-Report at age 25.Result(s)In both relative absolute stability, no found internalizing, externalizing, total problem behaviors over 15 years. However, externalizing significantly declined then increased 25. Irrespective type, among offspring, large majority scored continuously within normal range on internalizing 62, 83.8%), 60, 81.1%).Conclusion(s)The results reassure provide policy makers reproductive medicine practitioners with empirical evidence that raised is unrelated long term. To adulthood. U.S.-based study. Paper-and-pencil surveys. A 6). None. In 81.1%). The